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For answer  A 

When you change the direction of travel to the right you have priority of passage compared to the vehicles that move from the opposite direction. These must give you priority on the right because your trajectories intersect and you come from their right side.

For answer  B 

When you cross an intersection straight ahead and encounter the color green of the traffic light, you have priority of passage compared to all the other vehicles that move in that intersection.

For answer  C 

When you descend a slope, you are obliged to give priority to vehicles that climb, if in the direction of those who climb there is a stationary obstacle. In this situation the road traffic legislation exempts the maneuver of overtaking those who climb from the prohibition to perform overtaking “Is prohibited overtaking the vehicles when from the opposite direction another vehicle approaches, and the driver of that vehicle is obliged to perform maneuvers to avoid the collision”.

Therefore, the vehicles that do NOT benefit from priority of passage are the vehicles that descend a slope compared to those that climb, if in the direction of travel of those who climb they encounter a stationary obstacle.

The correct answer is: C

Recommendations:

Priority of passage granted by signs - Audio-Video Lesson --> Road Traffic Code - Priority of passage granted by signs

Priority of passage granted by law - Audio-Video Lesson --> Road Traffic Code - Priority of passage granted by law

For answer  A 

OUG* - Article 59

[...]
(2) At the intersections, the drivers of the vehicles that turn to the left are obliged to give priority of passage to the vehicles with which they intersect and that move from the right side.
(3) In the intersections with traffic directed by regulatory priority signs, the rule of priority to the right is respected only when two vehicles are to meet, each entering the intersection from a road signalled with a sign having the same meaning of priority or loss of priority.
[...]

For answer  B 

Regulation** - Article 51

(1) The green colour signal allows the passage.
[...]

For answer  C 

Regulation** - Article 135

The driver of the vehicle is obliged to give priority of passage also in the following situations:
​[...]
e) when moving downhill compared to the one who climbs, if in the direction of travel of the one who climbs there is a stationary obstacle. In this situation the maneuver is not considered overtaking in the sense of the provisions of art. 120 letter j);
​[...]

Regulation** - Article 120

(1) Is prohibited the overtaking the vehicles:
​[...]
j) when from the opposite direction another vehicle approaches, and the driver of that vehicle is obliged to perform maneuvers to avoid the collision;
​[...]

* OUG = GOVERNMENT EMERGENCY ORDINANCE no. 195 of December 12, 2002 updated (Road Traffic Code)
** Regulation = REGULATION for the implementation of OUG 195/2002 updated (Road Traffic Code Regulation)