Step 3 » GENERAL learning environment Category C (C, C1)

Depending on the amount of blood lost, we can distinguish:

• major hemorrhages, fatal, when more than half of the total amount of blood is lost;
• medium hemorrhages, when 1/3 of the total amount of blood is lost;
• small hemorrhages, when an amount of 500 - 600 ml of blood is lost.

The abundant flow of blood, internal or external, as a result of the rupture or cutting of the wall of a blood vessel is called hemorrhage. Hemorrhage is caused by the injury of the integrity of the vessel, produced by trauma, purulent lysis of the vascular wall, disruption of blood chemistry.

Hemorrhages are of two types:

• External hemorrhages. In which the blood flows outside the body due to the sectioning of blood vessels;
• Internal hemorrhages. In which the flowing blood remains inside the body (e.g.: in the abdominal cavity).

External and exteriorized hemorrhages are easy to recognize. Internal hemorrhages are accompanied by a series of signs through which they can be suspected and diagnosed. These signs are: dizziness, increase in the number of heartbeats per minute, increase in the number of breaths per minute. The patient’s pulse is weak, and his blood pressure drops far below the normal value. The patient is restless, pale, speaks quickly, has cold sweats and is tormented by an exceptionally intense thirst.

The correct answer is: A

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