The oil in the engine ensures optimal lubrication at a certain temperature. If the engine does not reach this temperature, the viscosity of the oil is higher than it should be and the friction resistance is higher. Therefore, driving with the thermostat of the cooling system faulty, the coolant having a temperature below 60 degrees Celsius, leads to increased fuel consumption.
The black-colored smoke emitted through the exhaust indicates an exaggerated fuel consumption. This can be the consequence of injector failure (clogging of the spray nozzle holes), sticking of the injector needle, leakage of the injector needle, etc.
Running with interruptions can be caused by faulty operation of the injectors or by a too rich fuel mixture, thus burning more fuel compared to normal operation. Therefore, the engine running with interruptions leads to increased fuel consumption.
The situations in all three answers lead to increased fuel consumption.
The correct answer is: A, B and C
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