The suspension system of a motor vehicle is an assembly of components designed to ensure the comfort and control of the vehicle during travel. The main role of the suspension system is to maintain the contact of the wheels with the road surface and to absorb shocks and vibrations caused by irregularities and imperfections of the road. It contributes to the stability, maneuverability and safety of the motor vehicle.

The main components of the suspension system include:

• Springs: They can be coil springs, leaf springs or torsion bars, which have the role of supporting the weight of the vehicle and absorbing shocks caused by road irregularities.

• Shock absorbers: They are hydraulic devices that reduce spring oscillations and control the movements of the suspension, thus contributing to the stability and comfort of the vehicle. Types of shock absorbers:

  • twin-tube shock absorbers: which have 2 chambers filled with oil, the working space in which the piston and the driving rod move, and the storage space, which is between the working cylinder and the container tube;
  • gas monotube shock absorbers: the working cylinder is filled with oil and gas, having a pressure between 25 - 30 bar;
  • shock absorbers for coil spring: which correspond in construction to the twin-tube device. However, it can also be in the gas pressure version.

• Stabilizer bars (or anti-roll bars): These are used to reduce the tilting of the vehicle in curves and to improve stability during maneuvers.

• Suspension arms (or control arms): They are articulated parts that connect the wheels to the chassis of the vehicle and allow the vertical movement of the wheels.

• Bushings and bearings: These are connecting components that allow controlled movement of the suspension arms and shock absorbers, contributing to the absorption of vibrations and noise reduction.

• Independent suspension systems: In vehicles with independent suspension, each wheel has its own suspension, which improves comfort and maneuverability.

The role of the suspension system:

• Passenger comfort: Absorbing shocks and vibrations to ensure a smooth and comfortable ride.
• Vehicle stability: Maintaining wheel contact with the road to ensure stability and directional control.
• Maneuverability: Providing a quick and precise response to the driver's commands, as well as improving the maneuverability of the vehicle.
• Safety: Reducing the risk of skidding and loss of control, thus contributing to road safety.

The role of the suspension system in braking:

The suspension system of a motor vehicle not only contributes to its comfort and maneuverability, but also plays a crucial role in braking. By efficiently managing weight transfer, maintaining optimal wheel contact with the road and ensuring vehicle stability, the suspension helps maximize the performance of the braking system and reduce stopping distance. Thus, a well-maintained and calibrated suspension contributes significantly to road safety through:

• Load distribution: During braking, the weight of the vehicle transfers to the front. The suspension system helps manage this weight transfer, ensuring that the wheels remain in firm contact with the road surface, which is crucial for effective braking.

• Maintaining contact with the road: An efficient suspension keeps the wheels in constant contact with the road surface, even on uneven surfaces. This is vital for the performance of the braking system, as brakes function best when the wheels have solid contact with the road.

• Reducing braking distance: A well-calibrated suspension can contribute to reducing braking distance by maximizing wheel grip on the road and reducing oscillations or slips caused by road irregularities.

• Stability during braking: The suspension system helps maintain the stability of the vehicle during braking, preventing excessive swaying and improving directional control. This is particularly important in emergency braking situations, where vehicle stability can prevent accidents.