The chassis represents the rigid resistance frame, which is mounted on the axles of a vehicle with mechanical traction and which supports the bodywork.
The components of the chassis are: the motor vehicle transmission, the steering mechanism, the braking system, the running system, the motor vehicle suspension, the electrical equipment.
The motor vehicle transmission is an assembly of parts that have the role of taking over the movement from the engine, modifying the rotation speed and distributing it to the wheels of the motor vehicle.
The transmission consists of:
- the clutch: transmits the engine torque from the crankshaft to the gearbox, it is interposed between the engine and the gearbox and allows the progressive coupling of the engine to the other parts of the transmission. It is also used to isolate the rotating components from the fixed ones, reducing the shock load between them;
- the gearbox: is one of the main components of the transmission system. The main functionality offered by the gearbox is the possibility of varying the travelling speed and changing its direction during operation. The gearbox has the role of modifying the traction force of the motor vehicle depending on the size of the rolling resistance. The modification of the gear speed is done by means of a control lever, called lever or gear shifter. In automatic (synchronised) gearboxes, the transition from one gear to another can be done without the driver's intervention in synchronising the speeds of the toothed wheels that are to be engaged, this synchronisation being left to a specialised mechanism;
- the cardan transmission: has the role of transmitting the engine torque without modifying it, between different parts of the motor vehicle: from the drive shafts to the wheels, in the case of cars with independent suspension of the driving wheels, from the gearbox to the transfer case or to the additional gearbox, from the clutch to the gearbox when the gearbox is placed on the frame of the car, from the gearbox or the transfer case to the main transmissions of the driving axles, from the drive shafts to the wheels in the case of cars with independent suspension of the driving wheels.
- the main transmission: has the role of increasing the engine torque transmitted to the driving wheels and at the same time transmitting the torque from the cardan shaft to the half drive shafts;
- the differential: is the mechanism that allows the driving wheels of the same axle to rotate at different angular speeds, thus allowing that when the car moves in turns they cover spaces of different lengths;
- the drive shafts: have the role of transmitting the engine torque from the differential to the driving wheels of the motor vehicle. Under torsion they are stressed by the engine torque but also under bending by the forces acting on the driving wheel;
- the final transmission: has the role of transmitting the movement to the driving wheels and at the same time ensuring the last reduction of this movement.
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